Macbeth A Shakespearean Tragic Hero Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth: A Shakespearean Tragic Hero The character of Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. There are many factors which contribute to the degeneration of Macbeth of which three will be discussed. The three points which contribute greatly to Macbeth's degeneration are the prophecy which was told to him by the witches, how Lady Macbeth influenced and manipulated Macbeth's judgment, and finally Macbeth's long time ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeth's growing character degenerates from a noble man to violent individual. The prophecies which were told by the witches were one of the factors which contributed to the degeneration of his character. If it had not been for the witches telling him that he was to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glamis, and King of Scotland, Macbeth would still be his ordinary self. As a result of the prophecies, this aroused Macbeth's curiosity of how he could be King of Scotland. As the play progresses, Macbeth slowly relies on the witches prophecies. Shakespeare uses the witches as a remedy for Macbeth's curiosity which corrupts his character. The influence of Macbeth's wife, Lady Macbeth also contributed to his degeneration of character. Lady Macbeth's character in the beginning reveals that she is a lovable person. When Lady Macbeth was ready to kill King Duncan herself, it showed that Lady Macbeth could not murder King Duncan because he reminded her of her father. This proves that Lady Macbeth has a heart deep inside her. Lady Macbeth plays an important role in this play because she provided a scheme which caused Macbeth to assassinate King Duncan. After Macbeth had killed King Duncan, he later regrets on his wrong doing. At the point of this play the audience can note the change in Macbeth's character. Macbeth's first murder was a trying experience for him, however after the first murder, killing seemed to be the only solution to maintain his reign of the people of Scotland. Therefore, it was Lady Macbeth who introduced the concept of murder to Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition also influenced his declining character. However, Macbeth's ambition had not been strong enough to carry the motive to kill King Duncan. Lady Macbeth's influence also comes in to play because if not for Lady Macbeth, his ambition would not have been intensified enough to drive him to obtain and maintain his title of King of Scotland no matter what it took, even if it meant murdering. Macbeth's ambition influenced the cause of his new character. This new character of Macbeth contained greed, violence, and power hunger. Macbeth shows this when he kills King Duncan. In conclusion, the prophecies given to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth's influence and plan, and his intensified ambition, all contributed greatly to his degeneration of character which resulted to his downfall...death. Therefore Macbeth character displays strong signs of a tragic hero, making him the ideal classic example.

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buy custom Curriculum Domain essay The domain of curriculum calls for the maintenance of professionalism and the establishment of accountability standards that ensures that the graduate acquires the appropriate behaviors and skills for a fruitful practice in the real world of curriculum work, which is significant to the success of the schools in the implementation plan. Numerous department and colleges dealing with educators has the responsibility of providing the necessary leadership and help schools in improvement initiatives by the establishment of criteria for the emerging specialists in curriculum. Knowledge bases are integral factors of disciplines. They assist in the development of frameworks that would identify the main components responsible for characterization of disciplines, which help the scholars and practitioners in accessing the basic knowledge in a certain discipline. There has been existence of significant transitions as efforts for identification of the knowledge base that could be operational. The knowledge bases that relevant to curriculum studies could be conceptualized as classical research domains; topical categories, and paradigms of education for the teacher. Knowledge bases encompass varied way for identification that are necessary for professional educators that are essential for practice. This knowledge base could be developed from numerous source documents including textbooks, which summarizes the main principles and the available concepts from theories, researches, and practices. The knowledge bases are responsible for the provision of theoretical frameworks, which comprises of the fundamental knowledge, and current researches. Philosophical Perspective of Curriculum There are four cardinal philosophical perspectives employed in the enhancement of educational curriculum. Each of these educational philosophies has a close relationship with either one or many of the existing world philosophies. These educational, philosophical systems are presently utilized in every classroom in, the entire world. The existing philosophical perspective in education includes; Progressivism, Perennialism, Reconstructionism, Essentialism. All these philosophies greatly emphasizes on the content that should be taught, and their curriculum aspect. The Reconstructionist Curriculum Reconstruction curriculum was employed after the identification of the problem that the students faced as far as interpretation and evaluation of social problems is concerned. There was the need for commitment of the issues that were being discussed and encouraged in the taking of action as concerning constructive changes. The curriculum was based on economic and social factors as well as the social services. Reconstruction meant that the curriculum had involved the students in the critical analysis of the international, local, and the international community. The issues that were involved included; environment degradation, crime, poverty, political oppression, war, hunger, and unemployment among others. This policy was prompted after the realization of the numerous injustices that are in the society and the prejudices in terms of gender, socioeconomic status, and race. The schools has the responsibility of training the students against the practice of these injustices and even go a step further in the providing the resolution of the existing problem. The students should be equipped with the necessary information that would assist them in the courageous examination of the controversial issues. The students were expected to be equipped with the necessary skill of coming to consensus on various issues, thereby encouraging the implementation of group work. This curriculum was expected to be changing constantly to accommodate the developing issues in society. The students should be equipped with the necessary awareness concerning the global issues and the relationship between countries. The curriculum should emphasize on issues that enhance the global cooperation and mutual understanding. In order to deliver effectively on the existing intention of the curriculum, teachers are the prime agents of any social change, internationalism, and the renewal of various cultures. Therefore, reconstuctionist curriculum played an extremely vital role in emphasizing on social sciences than it did on science. These social sciences included; ethics, history, philosophy, sociology, religion, political science, poetry, and economics (Tanner, 1980). The Progressive Curriculum The progressive curriculum gives much emphasis on the social and the study of natural science. The teachers have the responsibility of introducing their students to the social developments, technological, and new scientific studies. The teacher should be able to broaden the learners personal experience; this can be enhanced by employing the use of the present community life in their teaching. The curriculum is centered on ones abilities, interests, and experience since; it is believed that one is better placed to understand the content of whatever they are being taught if the content is relevant to an individuals life. The teachers are expected to plan their lessons more so, if the lessons that they are about to teach would heighten the students curiosity and even prompt the students to think outside the box and knowldge construction. For instance, apart for the normal reading of books by the students, the students should be engaged in fieldworks, which sharpen their interaction with the society and nature (Heslep, 1997). The teachers should come up with ideas that would help in the enhancement of students interaction with each other. This helps in the development of social virtues that could include tolerance and cooperation with it comes to the difference in peoples point of view. The curriculum also advocates on the importance of teachers diversity. The teachers should not only be confined into doing a single discrete discipline at a given time but, also should introduce other lessons that would mix numerous different subjects. The teachers have the responsibility of exposing the student to curriculum that is seen to being more democratic and acknowledges the citizens accomplishments regardless of their cultural background, gender, and race. Progressive curriculum aims at making schooling both useful and enjoyable to the students, as well as the teachers. The school, home, and workplace should blend in the generation of persistent, useful learning skills in life. Progressivism intends to end the bo redom and monotony that have existed for many years. The students are expected to deal with the problems that exist in real life. Essentialism Curriculum Essentialism emphasizes on instilling the students with the essentials of the required knowledge in academics as well as developing ones character. William Bagley used this educational philosophy in the 1930s, later in the 1950s it was again used Admiral Rickover and Arthur Bestor. It gained numerous criticism after its introduction in the USA with the argument being on it rigidity. The fundamentals essentialism curriculum calls for the teaching of mathematics, literature, history, foreign languages, and natural science. This curriculum goes against the teaching of life adjustment, vocational and various that could be seen to watering down the academics content. The students who are in the elementary level are expected to be equipped with skills on writing, measurements, and reading. The students are not expected to dwell much in the subjects that deal the development of ones creativity such as music and art. The curriculum expects the student to have a deep understanding concerning a body of data and fundamental techniques, which gradually truncates from less to skills that are more sophisticated and detailed understanding. The student can only proceed to the next class after proving to competent with the required material (Hunkins, 1998). This curriculum is rigorous academically, for either the slow or the fast learners. The students are provided with a set of common subjects, which does not consider the students interest or skills. The system also advocates for long school day, as well as the academic year. There is also in the cooperation of challenging textbooks. It goes further in calling for classrooms orientation by teachers, who have a role of being the students intellectual and moral role models. The system advocates of the teacher-centered operation. The teacher has the full mandate of deciding the most significant area to teach regardless of the students interest since it diverts attention and time from learning the subjects that are academic. The teachers put more emphasis the results of the tests scores, they then use this in their evaluation of the students progress. The students are taught with the aim of making them culturally literate, which helps to possess a working skill about the events, ideas, people, and institutions that are crucial to society. It is the expectation of the essentialists that once the students are through with their education, with will has possessed the necessary skills and disciplined with practical minds with will help them in the application of knowledge in the setting of the real world. There is immense emphasis regarding discipline for the smoothing learning of the school situation. The students are equipped with necessary discipline in re gards to the authority governing the society and the school. Finally, the teachers should possess a high level of maturity and education, for effective transmission of knowledge to their students. The 19th Century Educators In the 19th century, there was the development of nationalism in Europe. This development brought along the belief that the power of education could be employed in the shaping of individuals and nations. They eventually came up with the development of the national school systems. It also helped in the changing of the attitude that people had towards women, and by the end of the 19th century, some countries had introduced secondary schools for women. These countries include Germany and France. The issue of coeducation was only among the extremely liberal educators. In the 19th century, small children who after the age of 10 or 11, most of them stopped schooling only attended the European elementary schools; the only ones who continued with the school were the few bright ones. The common subjects that were studied were reading, religion, arithmetic, and writing. This education was of low quality since the teachers did not have the required experience; most of the people who taught did so since they could not access any otheer job. The concern of various educators in the 19th century for individual development and welfare soon encompassed the children were had been considered uneducated initially. The Italian physician Maria Montessori introduced a school for the mentally retarded children in the year 1870 to 1952. The materials and the technique she employed were so effective that most of the children were able to learn on how to read and write just as the other children. In the early 1900s, Montessori was assigned to run childrens houses; it entailed children of ages between 3 to 7 years old. Here, she gave much emphasis to individual development and freedom. As regards to freedom, the children would be independent of other people as much as possible. The children were taught on practical tasks; for instance, cleaning their classrooms and dressing themselves. They were also provided with materials that would help them to see and correct their mistakes, making them independent of their teachers (Mackenzie, 200 7). Curriculum is affected by numerous factors. All these factors are aimed at meeting the requirements of the 21st century learners, which is both for the corporation learning centers and organized academic learning. The required curriculum calls for the selection of learning goals, and coming up with knowledge delivery models and at the same time developing assessment methods for a group and individuals progress. The effect of politics on a certain curriculum comes in where the government funds the public and private, educational institutions. The funding also helps in hiring of qualified personnel, establishment, and maintenance of equipments and facilities. The environmental effects include the world's awareness concerning revision and abolishing pollution persist affecting curriculum growth. The existing approaches to curriculum development are divided in two aspects. The first aspect of curriculum development involves the individuals initiative. This is whereby one an individual is self-driven into driving a faculty into greater heights without any external support. The second approach is a collective means of developing the curriculum. Here, it becomes every person initiative to pursue the faculty into greater heights. The process of changing a curriculum is not an abrupt process but rather it is a gradual effort where the involvement of numerous faculties, planning time, and professional development comes in handy. One of the most effective approach of by a certain faculty developing dialogue and access positive feedback from other faculty members, at this point, they might come up with probable goals and go to the extent of suggesting their final solution. Once a certain faculty is cognizant with the set targets and solutions, they can invite a professional who could be in charge of increasing the faculty understands about schooling and sustainability. Another method could be through accessing the available disciplines and grade levels and requesting the educators on the identification of a method that could be employed in the addressing of concepts, attitudes that could have a relation with sustainability, and skills required ( Glatthorn, 2009). Once there is an agreement about changing of the curriculum, time is extremely essential. The faculty requires the administrational support where it should agree on improving the existing curriculum. They also need to set aside enough time for planning. A mandatory commitment of 3 to 5 years timeline in charge of various transformations and allocation for time for planning and professional growth, which enables the faculty to use collaborative and thoughtful methods to avoid unexpected additional burdens (Wiles, 2009). In conclusion, numerous department and colleges dealing with educators has the responsibility of providing the necessary leadership and help schools in improvement initiatives by the establishment of criteria for the emerging specialists in curriculum. They assist in the development of frameworks that would identify the main components responsible for characterization of disciplines, which assists the scholars and practitioners in accessing the basic knowledge in a certain discipline. The common philosophical perspectives in education include Progressivism, Perennialism, Reconstructionism, and Essentialism. Reconstruction curriculum was introduced after the identification of the problem that the students faced as far as interpretation and evaluation of social problems is concerned. This curriculum dealt on the economic and social factors as well as the social services. The progressive curriculum gives much emphasis on the social and the study of natural science. Here, the teachers ha ve the responsibility of introducing their students to the social developments, technological, and new scientific studies as well as broadening the learners personal experience. Finally, essentialism curriculum, calls for the teaching of mathematics, literature, history, foreign languages, and nature? Its curriculum goes against the teaching of life adjustment, vocational and various that could be seen to watering down the academics content. The teacher has the mandate of deciding the significant area to teach regardless of the students interest since; it diverts attention and time from teaching the subjects are required. The teachers put more emphasis the results of the tests scores; they then use this in their evaluation of the students progress. Buy custom Curriculum Domain essay

The Difference Between Alcohol and Ethanol

The Difference Between Alcohol and Ethanol The distinction between alcohol and ethanol is pretty simple. Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is the only type of alcohol that you can drink without seriously harming yourself, and then only if it hasnt been denatured or doesnt contain toxic impurities. Ethanol is sometimes called grain alcohol because it is the main type of alcohol produced by grain fermentation. Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol Other types of alcohol include methanol (methyl alcohol) and isopropanol (rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol). Alcohol refers to any chemical having an -OH functional group (hydroxyl)Â  bound to a saturated carbon atom. In some cases, you can substitute one alcohol for another or use a mixture of alcohols. However, each alcohol is a distinct molecule, with its own melting point, boiling point, reactivity, toxicity, and other properties. If a specific alcohol is mentioned for a project, dont make substitutions. This is especially important if the alcohol is to be used in foods, drugs, or cosmetics. You can recognize that a chemical is an alcohol if it has the -ol ending. Other alcohols may have names starting with a hydroxy- prefix. Hydroxy appears in a name if there is a higher priority functional group in the molecule. Origin of 'Ethanol' Ethyl alcohol got the name ethanol in 1892 as a combination of the word ethane- the name of the carbon chain- and the -ol ending for an alcohol. The common names for methyl alcohol- methanol- and isoproyl alcohol- isopropanol- follow the same rules. The bottom line is that all ethanol is alcohol, but not all alcohols are ethanol.

Statistical genetics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Statistical genetics - Term Paper Example Genetic association assists in finding out if a trait associates with a genetic variation. Statistical exploration of the responsible factors helps to accomplish the objectives. Ideally, genetic linkage is a characteristic of proximal location of genes on a chromosome to cause group inheritance. There is a less likelihood of separation of genes located together. Scientists use linkage maps to determine the position of genetic markers or genes relative to one another. Newton Morton developed a statistical test, LOD score useful in linkage analysis. LOD scores relate the likelihood of finding test data in case there is a linkage in the loci (Posthuma 175). Linkage analysis falls into two groups namely parametric and non-parametric. Parametric analysis adopts that models unfolding the maker and trait loci are well known without any error while the nonparametric analysis makes diminutive axioms regarding the trait model or simply put, it ponders all pedigree information. Linkage disequilibrium is used to describe DNA recombination. Generally, linkage concerns the physical segments of the genome that gives characteristics to a given trait. Various statistical methodologies have been useful in detecting genetic variation and analyzing genotype data. In the recent years, scientists have come up with high quantity genotyping technologies that are cost-effective and assist in understanding the genetic basis of phenotypes of interest. The presence of many SNPs has facilitated the success of statistical genetic studies. The first step in gene mapping used to be linkage analysis (Lin & Hongyu 103). SNPs that have close relationship as far as proximity is concerned can easily co-segregate as a result of linkage disequilibrium. Association mapping is based on theoretical allelic association, which has been more apparent in recent years. The two main approaches that scientists use to map genetic loci are association and linkage analyses. Factors that are

Sales Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sales Management - Assignment Example However this is not the case because they are being constantly let down by the sales managers and indeed the policy adopted by Mike Dalton. As Dalton believes in offering the sales representatives with the remuneration package alone and no salary, this stands as a very negative connotation of the entire payment structure. If for instance a sales representative is unable to find a single sales lead in a particular period of time, he would not receive any payments at all. It would mean that all his hard work and devotion for the sake of IFP would essentially go to waste. What is important is to understand how IFP can give its best to its own employees who are indeed receiving nothing at all, more so when they are being committed to the company and its stance in essence. There is a dire need to understand how IFP’s viewpoint would be taken over by the employees. I do not agree that the employees would be on their toes if they receive just the compensation for the sales leads that they bring in instead of the salaries that they should be getting (Weitzul 1993). This is a direct case of meting out differential treatment for the employees because they are being hard done by. Justice needs to be done so that they remain motivated and glued to their respective jobs. The remuneration package used by Mike Dalton might not serve the purpose of the sales representatives and indeed the employees at large because it does not warrant a just policy to meet their most basic needs at work. This should be done away with at the earliest so that the employees might heave a sigh of relief and work to their best effect in the future (Gunsch 1991). The sales team will always be at the mercy of their sales leads and they thus know that if they fall short on this count, they would be removed from their jobs and hence their termination would mean a lot of economic problems for not only their own selves

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby 3 Write an essay about the character and function of Nick Carraway. Despite the title, Nick Carraway is the first character we meet, and appropriately his role in The Great Gatsby is crucial; without him the story would lack balance and insight. The first chapter is primarily dedicated in establishing his personality and position in the book, then moving on to Tom and Daisy. Nick is our‘ guide, path finder’ in The Great Gatsby; he relates the story as he has seen it and from what others have told him. He strives at all times to be objective, his comments are balanced, as he says just in the first page of the book–‘ I’m inclined to reserve all judgements’. His objectivity is reinforced throughout to us by his scorn of Gatsby– he thoroughly disapproves of him– he‘ represented everything for which I have unaffected scorn’. Yet there is something–‘ some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life’,‘ an extraordinary gift for hope’ that is attractive to Nick, and requires him to make several attempts at describing it. He registers contempt for much of what Gatsby stands for– the falseness, the criminality, but still he likes him. His ability to laugh at Gatsby and his false airs‘ What was that? . . . The picture of Oxford?’ shows he’s neither charmed nor wholly disgusted by Gatsby. Nick sees him as the best of a‘ rotten crowd’, his approval is always relative– compared to Tom and Daisy his dream like innocence is attractive, though twisted into an impossible goal and only nearly achieved by criminality. But compared to Tom’s ruthless attitude to Myrtle and Wilson, Daisy’s careless abandonment of Gatsby and ultimately their complete inability to see their wrong–‘ if you think I didn’t have my share of suffering . . . I sat down and cried like a baby’– put Gatsby in a much fairer light. As Nick says, Gatsby was‘ worth the whole damn bunch put together’. His amusingly contemptuous remarks show his sense of humour, and although he is straight-laced, we are not bored by him. We are told of his age– thirty, which makes us take his opinions seriously, as he is not some immature unworldly man. Nick is introduced directly, but Gatsby remains a distant character for a good while. The establishment of Nick’s reflective, tolerant personality is essential, as are his limitations, so we don’t just dismiss him as Fitzgerald’s mouthpiece. The fact that he disapproves of Gatsby so early on, helps us to go along with his judgements when he tells us of Gatsby and unfolds the story. Our first mysterious glimpse of Gatsby prepares us for much of what is to

Honey Pots and Network Security Essay

Abstract Honey pots are specially designed to attract hackers for gathering data and hence alert the observers, and offer them an insight about what the intruder is attempting. Honey pots decoy attackers to apparently exposed but well observed computer system to learn about the strategy and tools used by the hackers and to improve the system security accordingly. However, the system built-up with the good intentions may sometimes be used in foul applications. The paper discusses about the honey pots in detail. The paper provides information what are honey pots, different types of honey pots, advantage and disadvantage of using honey pot. The paper also discusses about the security implications of honey pots. The later part of the paper provides information about how to create a honey pot, implementation of different honey pot tools and finally explains how honey pots secures a system from hackers. Honey Pots and Network Security Introduction ‘Honey pots’ are not new concept introduced for network deception. The concept has been deployed since long back from the introduction of internet. Challenges faced by the technology are higher than the advantages reaped. As the technology grows, the need for protection from the negative impacts has increased tremendously. Security personnel’s are more considered in protecting the crucial data from the attackers. Researchers and security specialist have been using various types of Honey pots, since the inception of the internet. Like real Honey pots, that attracts insects, the technical Honey pots acts as an attractive target to internet hackers. Though honey pots are not the real solution for the protection of the networked system from the illegal sources, they probably help in detecting the invader and alert the net administrator for future protection. What are honey pots? Honey pots are a bait source, which act as a genuine target inventing ambush from the invader. They are a tricky system, which tries to lure an invader away from critical systems. Honey pots acts a watching dog and manages to captures data from the hackers. The system is usually stored with superficially valuable information, which is actually fallacious and would not be eschewed by an honest user. Thus, any access to the Honey pots is considered as hacker. The predominant purpose of honey pot is to divert the attackers, to prevent the actual system, and to gather information about the invader for future research and development. In addition, it is also useful in providing information about the modus operandi and the tools of attack. Honey pot is an information system resource and any kind of system can be placed within the honey pot. Standard production system can be placed under honey pot to provide hackers a feeling of real system. In general, Honey pots act as an effectual method in preventing the illegal measures carried out in accessing the significant information on the system. The noteworthy features of the honey pots are first, they are user friendly and extremely flexible, secondly, honey pots discover the invaders whereabouts and activities and finally they invite the most recent vulnerabilities to the system, which helps the examiner to keep him more updated and help in to build a strong network protection. Types of honey pots Research Honey Pots Research organizations, educational institutes, or non-profit organizations run Research Honey Pots to collect information about the tactics and motives of the hackers. These organization attempts to spread awareness of the threat and vulnerabilities created by the hackers in the real network. These are considered high interaction honey pots, which involve high monitoring process and gather numerous information about the intruder’s activity, the method and technology used by the invader in breaking the system and further monitor their activity for future research. Production honey pots Production honey pots are used in the organizations within the production network linked with the production servers to improve the security measures. These â€Å"low-interaction honey pots are easier to deploy and provide little information about the attackers unlike research honey pots.† (Andress, A.2003). Production honey pots are similar to the conservative methods of invasion detection method. They discover the malicious activity performed by hackers and alerts the system administrator by capturing minimum data from the intruder. Advantages in using honey pots Honey pots are successful in capturing invaders prying the system. Hackers can be easily distracted to system targets, which they cannot damage. This provides researchers enough time to probe into hackers details and to respond them. Finally, â€Å"this system allows the researchers to examine the hacker’s action and help them to improve the system protection.† (Wible, B, 2003). Honey pots would be able to accumulate considerable amount of data about the invader during invasion. They gather all the information about the illegal activities performed by the invader. Honey pots though able to collect only small amount of data’s from the invaders the data collected by them are of higher value. Hence, honey pots serves as an easier and a cheaper tool in collecting all the malicious activity be the intruder. Honey pot is very simple and easy to implement. It dose not involves any complicated measures like intricate algorithms, tables or signatures. It is cheaper and provides enough time to the administrators to research on the information gathered. Honey pots also avert hackers from entering the system, as hackers may be confused with the real system and honeyed system and thus stop entering the network to avoid wastage of time. Disadvantages of Honey Pots Honey pots are not highly successful in its application. There are no proper legal standards devised for using Honey pots. The operating system using honey pots are prone to severe attacks when the attackers are triggered by denial of service. E.g., a disturbed denial of service attack against cnn.com that came from US. A high level of expertise is needed to the researchers and scrutinisers to use the system. Moreover, Sophos, 2004 says â€Å"hackers can use honey pots itself to attack our own system.† Honey Pots and Network Security Honey pots gather only limited information, as they will be able to track only the attackers who invade the system and cannot capture any other information against other network. A Typical Model of Honey pot with firewall Honey pots are premeditated to imitate like the real system in which the hacker would possibly invade in to capture information, but actually Honey Pots and Network Security Types of malicious attacks prevented by honey pots Honey pots help in preventing the following malicious attacks †¢ Spammers in e-mail address †¢ Spammers in proxy server †¢ Spammers in SMTP †¢ Worms Security implications of honey pots Application of Honey pots in the system has numerous advantages. The most significant implication of Honey pots is that it reposes confidence on the hackers offering a false impression on the existing security system and prevents the likelihood of the attack or probe to the real machine. Often attackers scrutinize a large block of computers looking for fatalities. Even attackers focusing a particular company will scrutinize the openly accessible information owned by the company searching for a mechanism as a starting point. Honey pots reduce this possibility of an attacker selecting crucial information as a target, detect, and records the initial scan as well as any subsequent attack. Like other invasion detection measures, there are no bogus positive with Honeypots. For example, IDS products such as Padded cells take a different approach. It waits for traditional IDS to detect an attacker. The attracters usually create a fake positive to a considerable amount before attacking any system. This is because there is likelihood that valid traffic will match the characteristics the IDS used to detect attacks. In Honey pots, all communications are suspected simply because the device is used only for attacking hackers. Thus, Honeypots can detect more hackers than any other invasive device. Observers and event trackers on the honey pot detect these unauthorized accesses and collect information about the attracter’s activities. The purpose of the honey pot is to distract an attacker from accessing significant information and to collect information about the attracter’s activity, and hearten the attacker to reside on the system for a long time for administration to take action. This helps in identifying the active and passive vulnaberitalies, which attack the operating system by recording the attacker’s details. The details recorded are stored for a month’s time allowing the researcher enough time to probe on hackers details. Requirements to create honey pot â€Å"Honey pots, an instruction detection tool used as a target for hackers is usually deployed in a system, which can be either a Cisco router or Ethernet Switch or HP Jet direct card†, says Roger A. Grimes. To implement an Early Warning system honey pot needs to create an attractive information source on the port so that it would be more flexible to trap invaders. According to Roger A. Grimes, â€Å"to implement honey pot in windows TCP ports 135, 137-139 and 445 and to implement in UNIX / LINUX host and RCP ports 22,111 are required.† How to create honey pot? There are numerous ways to deploy honey pot in a system. Lance Spitzner says, â€Å"an old system such as Windows XP without service pack or Red Hat 9.0 or Sussex 9.0 can be made use for this purpose were a copy of default OS can be installed.† The invaders can be easily trapped to such a setup, as it would like real and not like a honeyed system. Though some people deploy honey pots in virtual machines, as it is quicker in gathering information, the hackers would possibly identify it. However, the best tool for tracking invaders is open source honeyed system. This is highly complicated but more effective method of intrusion detection. However, for an effective monitoring sebek can be installed. How to implement different honey pot tools? Low interaction honey pots can be deployed in the system with windows 98 or 2000 in shorter period. They act like a machine working for back office of the company and offer bogus services like sending e-mails in http format and in ftp, imap or telnet. An example of back office alert from hacker, â€Å"BO>host 11.11.11.1 New host: 11.11.11.1.41256 BO: 11.11.11.1>dir ———Packet received from 11.11.11.1 port 41256—— Error 65: The network path was not found opening file c:* ———End of Data———- Honey Pots and Network Security BO: 11.11.11.1>reboot ———-Packet received from 11.11.11.1 port 41256——– Naughty, naughty. Bad hacker! No donut! ———End of Data———- BO: 11.11.11.1>quit† (Source- Marcus J. Ranum, 2002) In addition, spam honey pots can also be used for trapping invaders. The operating system rather than implementing automatic mailing system can alter the delivery method to manual mode. Thus, all mails from the different sources arrive and the suspicious one drops in the spam mode. Hence, mails are only received and not replied. â€Å"Another honey pot tool called as ‘Netcat’, which is used for gathering information from the port. â€Å"E.g. nc – 1- p 80 > capture. Txt† â€Å"This honey pot tool arrest all the invasion to the port and send them to the output file and easily strap up into a .BAT file.† (Marcus J. Ranum, 2002). How dose honey pots secure a system? Honey pots by its implementation tend to track the I.P address of the invader and gradually prevent the network from the invasion of the hacker from that I.P address. This is done by using lots of deception method like making the invader wait for a long time in the system, making the windows size to zero etc. This is mainly done to baffle the hacker and to squander his time and resource. However, during this process the network administrator would be in position to identify the hacker’s movement and will have time to stop the hacker or to respond to the hacker. â€Å"Unlike other intrusion detection method honey pots do not spawn huge amount of data’s but provide little data with high value and trap all new and strange attacks such as polymorphic shell code, work in encrypted and IPv6 environments†, says Roger A. Grimes. Honey pots also acts as an exceptional event-reporting tool since they can be easily disconnected form online and taken for detailed study without affecting the ongoing business activity. Conclusions A successful deployment of honeypot would act as an impediment to the attacker from reaching the actual information meanwhile provides information to the network administrator to defend the attack and protect the system from damage. In addition, successful baiting would endow with information about the invaders activity to the defender thus augmenting the security procedures, which includes firewall and Intrusion Detection System. Honey pots have tremendous potential for the computer security community. Like any new technology, they have some challenges to overcome. Most likely, none of these problems will ever be completely solved or eliminated. â€Å"However, one can witness a lot of development on the subject within next 12 to 18 months as many new developments that help to address these and other issues are forthcoming†. (Piazza, P. 2001) Bibliography Lance Spitzner, 2002, â€Å"Honeypots-Tracking Hackers.† Roger A. Grimes. 2005. â€Å"Honey pots for Windows†. Piazza, P. (2003, December). A System for Bettor Security. Security Management, 47, 24+. Sophos Reveals Latest ‘Dirty Dozen’ Spam Producing Countries. (2004, September 4). Manila Bulletin, p. NA. Wible, B. (2003). A Site Where Hackers Are Welcome: Using Hack-In Contests to Shape Preferences and Deter Computer Crime. Yale Law Journal, 112(6), 1577+.